Orchitis
Orchitis is an inflammation of one or both of the testicles, often caused by infection. Causes, incidence, and risk factors : Orchitis may be caused by a number of different types of bacteria and viruses. It is usually a result of epididymitis, inflammation of the tube that connects the vas deferens and testicle.
The most common viral cause of orchitis is mumps. Approximately 30% of patients who have mumps develop orchitis during course of illness. It is the most common in boys past puberty and rare before the age of 10. It usually develops 4 to 6 days after the mumps occur. In one-third of boys who get orchitis caused by mumps, testicular atrophy (shrinking of the testicles) will result.
Orchitis develops in 2 - 20% of men with rare disease brucellosis.
Orchitis also occurs along with infections of the prostate or epididymis and occurs as a result of sexually-transmitted diseases (STD) like gonorrhea or chlamydia. The rate of sexually-transmitted orchitis or epididymitis is higher in men, 19 to 35 years old.
Risk factors for non-sexually-transmitted orchitis include
- Inadequate immunization against mumps
- Being older than age 45
- Recurrent urinary tract infections
- Congenital problems of the urinary tract
- Genito-urinary surgery
- Long term use of a Foley catheter (tube inserted into the bladder to drain urine)
Risk factors for sexually-transmitted orchitis include
- Multiple sexual partners
- Other high risk sexual behaviors.
- History of a sexual partner with a previously diagnosed STD
- Personal history of gonorrhea or other STD
Symptoms
- Scrotal swelling
- Tender, swollen, heavy feeling in the testicle
- Tender, swollen groin area on affected side
- Fever
- Discharge from penis
- Pain with urination (dysuria)
- Pain with intercourse or ejaculation
- Groin pain
- Testicle pain aggravated by bowel movement or straining
- Blood in the semen
Role of Noni
Noni contains all the vitamins like vitamin A , vitamin B complex, vitamin C, vitamin E. It contains all the trace minerals. A number of major components have been identified in the Noni plant such as scopoletin, octoanoic acid, potassium, vitamin C, terpenoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones (such as nordamnacanthal, morindone, rubiadin, and rubiadin-1-methyl ether, anthraquinone glycoside), sitosterol, carotene, vitamin A, flavone glycosides, linoleic acid, Alizarin, amino acids, acubin, L-asperuloside, caproic acid, caprylic acid, ursolic acid, rutin and a putative proxeronine.
Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme and its role in inflammation
Pain, redness, heat and swelling, which are the markers of inflammation, follow the release of prostaglandins. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) reduce prostaglandins by blocking an enzyme which helps to produce them, called cyclooxygenase (COX). There are actually two COX enzymes in the body. They are COX-1 and COX-2. COX-1 is called good COX enzyme, while COX-2 has earned the unflattering name as the bad enzyme. COX1 is easily identifiable and is important in regulating cell function. COX2, on the other hand, is generally undetectable in most tissues, but increases to high levels during acute inflammation. The COX2 enzyme is largely responsible for causing pain and inflammation. Injury, disease and trauma cause COX2 enzyme to produce prostaglandins, which cause pain and inflammation. In contrast to the COX-2 enzyme, COX-1 enzyme is responsible for protecting the body’s stomach lining and kidneys. COX-2 is the key player in inflammation and pain. NSAIDs decrease the body’s production of both enzymes, thereby decreasing inflammation while at the same time causing harm to the stomach and its lining. The ideal situation would be to find a substance that inhibited only COX-2, but did not significantly affect COX-1.
Noni in pain and inflammatory condition
Noni is a selective COX-2 inhibitor. Researchers at an independent research facility found that Noni was a selective inhibitor of COX-2 enzyme. In addition, the Noni did no damage to the COX1 enzyme.
Role of Scopoletin present in Noni in arthritis and inflammation
Another reason for Noni’s pain fighting qualities stems from several of its constituents. Noni has contains Scopoletin, which has anti inflammatory effect. Scopoletin is needed in the body for smooth joint movement. It also produces anti-histamine effects.
Recommended Dosage
Divine Noni Concentrate
5ml morning and 5ml evening for 3 days. Then
10ml morning and 10ml evening for next 3 days. Then
15ml morning and 15ml evening for next 8 months.
