Carcinoma of Bladder
Bladder cancer is a malignant tumor within the bladder. These tumors are classified based on their growth pattern. Papillary tumors have a wart-like appearance and are attached to a stalk. Nonpapillary tumors are much less common but they are more invasive and have a poorer prognosis.
Causes, incidence and risk factors
As with most other cancers, the exact cause is uncertain. Several factors contribute to the development of bladder cancer. Cigarette smoking increases risk of developing bladder cancer by a factor of nearly five, compared to non-smokers. As many as 50% of all bladder cancers in men and 30% in women may be attributable to cigarette smoke. This risk does show a gradual decline in people who quit smoking. About one in four cases of bladder cancer can be attributed to workplace exposure to carcinogens (cancer-causing chemicals). Arylamines are chemicals most responsible. Dye workers, rubber workers, aluminum workers, leather workers, truck drivers, and pesticide applicators are at the highest risk, although arylamines have been reduced or banned in many workplaces.
The association between artificial sweeteners and bladder cancer was studied and was weak or non-existent. Women who received radiation therapy for treatment of cervical cancer have an increased risk of developing transitional cell bladder cancer, as do some people who received the chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan). A chronic (long term) bladder infection or irritation leads to development of squamous cell bladder cancer. This cancer is very slow growing. Bladder infections do not increase risk of transitional cell cancers. Bladder cancer spreads by extending into the nearby organs, including the prostate, uterus, vagina, ureters and rectum. It can also spread to pelvic lymph nodes or to other parts of the body like the liver, lungs and bones.
Symptoms
While most of the symptoms listed below can be associated with bladder cancer, they can also be associated with non-cancerous conditions. Nevertheless, medical evaluation is critical.
- Blood in the urine
- Urinary frequency
- Painful urination
- Urinary urgency
Additional symptoms that may be associated with this disease
- Urinary incontinence
- Bone pain or tenderness
- Abdominal pain
- Anaemia
- Weight loss
- Lethargy (tiredness)
Role of Noni
Noni ppt (The polysaccharide) is a unique polysaccharide used as a chemo-immunotherapy agent to treat cancer. NONI-ppt present in NONI develops an anti-tumor response by stimulating release of various cytokines mediator of immune system of our body like
- Interleukin
- Interferon – gamma
- Nitric oxide
- Tumour necrosis factor
- Natural killer cells
Thus they help for controlling carcinogenesis by inhibiting growth and mutation of malignant cells
Pretreatment with Noni followed by ultraviolet irradiation increased levels of phosphorylated extra cellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and stress-activated protein kinases (SAPK) enzymes in the body. Activation of SARK and ERKs play an important role in triggering apoptosis. Thus their activation proves stimulatory effect of Noni on ultraviolet-induced apoptosis. Noni exhibits antiangiogenesis effects on malignant cells.
The cancer tumor has the ability to develop its own blood vessels around to get their nutrition for growth by the process of angiogenesis. Many phytochemicals present in NONI like Damnacanthal, Alizarin, Limonene and Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) just a few among the 150+ phytochemicals present in Noni that exhibit ANTIANGIOGENESIS effect on the malignant cells Thus inhibits the growth and mutations of malignant cells and induces program cell death or apoptosis.
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg)
EGCg is a polyphenolic flavonoid antioxidant found in abundance in Noni. EGCg in Noni inhibits the quinol oxidase (NOX) enzyme tumor activity property thus helps in antiangiogenesis.
NOX enzymes are found in a variety of cell types and tissues where they react with oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), the free radical forms of oxygen that damage to the DNA of cell.
The ROS is involved in mutations and tissue damage in diseases like cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. Normal amounts of NOX production are important to regulate cell growth. It is generally inactive during normal cell division process on response to growth hormone stimulation but it is active in all the time in cancerous cell and responsible for the cancerous cell proliferation, cell motility, invasion and angiogenesis process, all of them prerequisites for tumor metastasis.
EGCg, a primary component of NONI inhibit the NOX activity of cancer cells. According to DR.Morre’s experimental studies, it is found that EGCg in NONI inhibits NOX carcinogenesis activity but does not inhibit the NOX activity of healthy cells.
Noni prevents the carcinogen DNA adduct formation on cell. Most chemical carcinogens need activation by our body enzymes to be transformed to an ultimate form that readily binds to genetic DNA to form DNA adducts. Carcinogen DNA adducts formation causes DNA damage. Carcinogen DNA adducts can be repaired by body enzymes. The unprepared DNA damaged cell will be responsible for mutation and consequent cancer development. Therefore preventing carcinogen-DNA adduct formation is a key step for primary prevention in cancer at the initiation step of carcinogenesis. Noni helps in prevention or block the formation of carcinogen induced DNA adduct. Hence it may prevent cancer at the initiation stage of carcinogenesis.
Role of Antioxidant in Cancer Prevention
Oxidative stress in our body is the underlying cause of cancer. When excessive free radicals are allowed to exist near the nucleus of cell, significant damage to the DNA of cell results. Free radicals can also wreck damage on genetic structure of the DNA, which can then lead to abnormal growth of cell. As these cells continue to replicate, this mutated DNA is carried to each newly developed cell. When there is further oxidative stress to this mutated DNA of the cell, more damage occurs. The cell will then begin to grow out of control. It spreads from one part of the body to other(metastasis), thus becoming a true cancer.
Oxidative stress is indeed the cause of cancer and antioxidants used to bring free radical back into balance would lower the risk of cancer. Therefore the best strategy is to maximize our own body’s immune system and antioxidant defense and thus begins by eating a healthy natural suppliment rich in antioxidants. The high anti oxidant property of Noni helps to prevent the formation of carcinogen-DNA adducts. It was hypothesized that the antioxidants in Noni have cancer protective effects by scavenging reactive oxygen free radicals and quenching lipid peroxides.
Recommended Dosage
Divine Noni Concentrate
5ml morning and 5ml evening for 3 days. Then
10ml morning and 10ml evening for next 3 days. Then
15ml morning and 15ml evening for next 8 months.
