Cancer of Uterus

Globally about 9 million new cancer cases are reported every year in which half of them are fatal. In India, every year, 7 lakhs cancer cases are reported and half of them survive.

Cancer is the second most common cause of death in developed countries next to cardio vascular diseases which is reported in USA. Cancer affects different body parts due to many factors. There are variations in occurrences and patterns of cancer in various regions of the World. Stomach cancer is common in Japan and East Europeans countries. Liver cancer is frequent in Africa. In China, you will get a lot of cases of Oesophageal cancer, and in America, you will get Nasopharynx, liver, lungs, colon and breast cancers which are predominant.

Every year more than 25,580 cases of cervix cancer are reported which got second rank in cancers. The next reported cases are of uterus cancer, which got first place in cancer deaths among women. Cancer of ovaries takes the fourth place.

Types: There are three main types of Uterine Tumor

a) Epithelial Tumor: It starts from the cells and covers outer surface of uterus.

b) Germ Cell Tumor: It starts from cells and produces the ova eggs (Ovarian tumor)

c) Sromal tumor: It starts from connective tissue cells and holds the ovary together and produces female hormones estrogen and progesterone.

Although uterine cancer is a serious disease, it can be treated and cured. It is important that you receive care from a team of health care specialists and Professional doctors especially a gynecologist.

Before Treatment Begins :

When a cancer case is diagnosed first by a doctor, he would suggest the following treatments. (1) Surgery (2) Radiation Therapy (3) Chemo Therapy (4) Hormone Therapy (5) Biological (Immuno Therapy) (6) Combination of all.

All of these treatments kill the malignant cells. During the process of killing, the cancerous cells and a few healthy cells are also damaged. That is the side effects of cancer treatments.

Side effects are :

i) Loss of appetite

ii) Change in Weight

iii) Sore mouth or throat

iv) Dry mouth

v) Dental and gum problems

vi) Change in senses of taste and smell

vii) Nausea / vomiting

viii) Diarrhoea

ix) Constipation

x) Fatigue and Depression.

You may or may not have any of these side effects because many of these factors vary according to the severity. These factors include the type of cancer you have, the part of your body being treated, the type and duration of treatment and dosage of your treatment. If you are getting any side effects, that can be controlled. Most of the side effects disappear after the treatment.

Causes of Uterine Cancer

A risk factor is something that increases a person’s chance of getting diseases like uterine cancer.

1) Aging: Most uterine cancer develops after menopause. Half of uterine cancers are found in woman of above 33.

2) Reproductive History: Women who started menstruating at an early age (before age 12) and have no children or had their first child after the age of 30 or had menopause after the age of 50, may have an increased risk of Uterine Cancer. A relationship exists between number of menstrual cycles in a women’s lifetime and her risk of getting uterine cancer.

3) Fertility Drugs: Use of the fertility drug clomiphene citrate over several years, especially without child, may have more chances of getting uterine cancer, especially malignant tumor. If you are taking this drug, you should consult your doctor about the risk of this medicine. Infertility increases chances of developing cancer.

4) Family History of Uterine Cancer, Breast cancer or Colorectal Cancer: Chances of uterine cancer are increased, if your mother, sister or daughter and close relatives have or had the uterine cancer, especially at young age. You can inherit an increased risk of ovarian cancer from both sides of family. About 10% of uterine cancer results from inheritance. If there is a family history of cancer due to an inherited mutation of the breast cancer genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 you will have very high risk of developing uterine cancer. Mutation leading to inherited colorectal cancer also leads to uterine cancer.

5) Talcum Power: It is advised that talcum power application in the genital areas or on sanitary napkins might be carcinogenic (cancer causing) to the uterine region. Not in all the cases, but there are chances of uterine cancer by usage of talcum power, since talcum powder contains Asbestos which is carcinogenic.

6) Hormone Replacement Therapy: Women using estrogens after menopause may have a slightly increased risk of developing uterine cancer. Use of estrogens for more than 10 years causes risk of developing cancer. Hormone replacement therapy causes breast cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, osteoporosis and thinning and softening of bones.

Treatments :

1) Surgery: Surgery is indicated in localized cancers. It can be operated with other line of treatments like radiation and chemo therapy.

2) Radiation: Radiation means killing of cancerous cells by bombarding with X-rays or Gamma rays.

3) Chemo Therapy: It is prevention or treatment of disease by use of chemical substances. Anti cancer drugs are the treatments of choice for many cancers.

4) Hormonal Therapies: Cancers which develop in organs are under hormonal control.

5) Biological Therapies: They involve in boosting the body’s natural defenses against cancers, hence immune system in body will attack those cancerous growths.

Role of Noni in Cancer treatment : The study shows that Noni can treat cancer by either acting directly on cancer cells by its cytotoxic properties or by creating a hostile environment by immune moduleration and antiangiogenesis.

1) Cytotoxic Therapy : Cytotoxicity involves attacking cancer cells directly by changing the cell’s biology so that the cells are either killed or prevented from dividing.

Novel Glycoside in Noni fruit juice causes cytotoxic activity against breast carcinoma cell and colon carcinoma.

Cytotoxic effect of Noni fruit extract on cultured leukemia cell (Blood cancer) is effective at various concentrations. The cytotoxicity of Noni fruit juice on cultured cancer shows that it is inducing cancer cell necrosis at high doses and apoptosis at lower doses. Damnacanthal isolated from Noni fruit is an inhibitor.

How damnacanthal is useful after radiation: After radiation, if you use Noni juice or by continuing it, you will find the activation of stimulatory effects of Damnacanthal which is an ultraviolet induced adoptosis with the help of high levels of phosphorylated Extracellular single Regulated Kinase (ERK) and Stress Activated Protein Kinases (SAPK).

2) Immune Therapy: Immune therapy increases power of immune system, thereby we can fight against cancer cells. Polysaccharide – rich substance from Noni fruit juice increases about 75% of the life span of people suffering from lung cancer. Noni juice stimulates release of several mediators, from murine effector cells, including tumor necrosis factor – alpha (TNF). Alpha interleukin 1 beta, interferes gamma and nitric oxide which are the important mediators of immune response. We conclude that Noni juice suppresses the tumor growth indirectly by stimulating immune system. Noni possesses therapeutic potentials against immune modulator sensitive sarcoma 180 tumor system.

3) Anti-Angiogenesis : Angiogenesis is a word that comes from combination of two greek words “angio” and “genesis”. Angio means blood vessel and genesis means beginning. Angiogenesis is a healthy process in our body. Normally when we are hurt, a new blood vessel develops to heal the cuts and wounds.

Noni shows anti angiogenesis in cancers i.e. it stops tumors from developing new blood vessels with which it grows. The tumors can not grow without blood supply. Noni also was able to induce vessel degeneration. Thus it stops growth of tumor and removes dead cells (degenerated cells) from affected part.

4) Cancer preventive effect of Noni: In early stage, it is carried out with help of enzyme 7, 12 Dimethyl benz(a) anthracene (DMBA) with the process of chemical carcinogenesis. Noni’s antioxidant properties prevent the cancer, along with prevention of DNA adducts.

5) Prevention of DNA adducts formation: Carcinogen DNA adducts formation creates DNA damage. These can be repaired by body enzymes. The un-repaired DNA damage will be responsible for formation of cancer. Therefore, preventing carcinogen DNA adduct formation is the key step for cancer prevention.

Noni prevents or blocks formation of carcinogen induced DNA adducts. Thus it helps to prevent it from the initial stage of cancer.

6) Antioxidant activity of Noni: Oxidative damage is induced by reactive free radicals, which are involved in the development of cancer. Antioxidants reduce free radical induced oxidative damage, therefore reducing cancer risk.

Antioxidant activity of Noni is 2.8 times greater than Vitamin ‘C’ and 1.1 times than that of grape seed powder.

7) Homoeopathic line of Treatment: Miasmatic aspects of treatment.

a) Antipsoric and Antipscatic remedies tried.

b) Constitutional remedies

c) Cancer remedies

d) Drainage remedies

e) Specific nosodes

f) Anthropomorphical remedies

The dosage of Noni is adjusted according to signs and symptoms. We can cure the Uterine Cancer. Among vital bodies, kidney is one of the important ones in our body. The person lives life happily with one kidney itself. The toxins in the blood are washed out as urine, which is later collected in bladder and then passed out through urethra.

In some persons, there are congenital anomalies in the kidney. Sometimes there would only be one kidney in the body with which the man survives.

If we consider the internal structure of kidney, you will find calex medulla, renal artery and ureter which function in urine excretion of waste products by filtration of blood.

There are alternate names for the chronic renal failure, chronic kidney failure, chronic insufficiency, chronic renal failure etc... which affect more than 2 out of 1,000 people in U.S.A. Diabetes and hypertension are the causes for two third of the cases of chronic kidney failure.

Overview

Chronic Real Failure (CRF) is the progressive loss of kidney functioning. The kidneys attempt to compensate for renal damage by hyper filtration (excessive straining of the blood) within the remaining functional nephrons (filtering units that consist of a glamorous and corresponding tubule). Over time, hyper filtration causes further reduction in function.

Chronic loss of function causes generalized wasting (shrinking in size) and progressive scarring within all parts of kidneys. In time, overall scarring obscures site of initial damage. Most of the patients begin to experience symptoms of kidney failure, when they lose over 70% of normal combined function of both kidneys.

Definition

Chronic renal failure is a gradual and progressive loss of ability of kidneys to excrete wastes, concentrate urine and conserve electrolytes.

Types

Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) can be classified by the site (location) of primary damage:

• Pre-renal CRF
• Post – renal CRF (obstructive uropathy)
• Renal CRF

Causes

Unlike acute renal failure with sudden reversible failure of kidney function, chronic renal failure slowly gets worse. It often results in any disease that causes the gradual loss of kidney function. It ranges from mild dysfunction to severe kidney failure progression, which continues to End-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Chronic renal failure usually occurs over a number of years as the internal structures of the kidney are slowly damaged. In early stages, there may not be any symptom. In fact, progression may be so gradual that symptoms do not occur until kidney function is less than one-tenth of normal.

Glomerulonephritis of any type (one of the most common causes)

• Polycystic kidney disease
• Alport syndrome
• Reflux nephropathy
• Obstructive uropathy
• Kidney stones and infection
• Analgestic nephropathy

Chronic renal failure results in the accumlation of fluid and waste products in the body causing azotemia and uremia. Azotemia is the buildup of nitrogen waste products in blood. It may occur without symptoms. Uremia is the state of illness resulting from renal failure. Most body systems are affected by chornic renal failure. Fluid retention and uremia cause many complications.

Signs and Symptoms

• Poor appetite
• Vomiting
• Bone Pain
• Headache
• Insomnia
• Itching
• Dry skin
• Malaise
• Fatigue with light activity
• Muscle cramps
• High urine output or no urine output
• Recurrent urinary tract infections
• Urinary incontinence
• Pale skin
• Bad breath
• Hearing deficit
• Detectable abdominal mass
• Tissue swelling
• Irritation

Signs and tests for diagnosis

There may be mild to severe high blood pressure. A neurologic examination may show polyneuropathy. Abnormal heart or lung sounds may be heard with a stethoscope.

• Creatinine levels increase progressively.
• BUN is progressively increased.
• Creatinine clearance progressively decreases.
• Potassium test shows elevated levels.
• Arterial blood gas and blood chemistry analysis show metabolic acidosis.

Diagnostic Test

Blood tests to determine blood cell counts, electrolyte levels and kidney function.

• Chest x-ray is a diagnostic test that uses invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of internal tissues, bones and organs to a film.
• Bone scan – a nuclear imaging method to evaluate any degenerative and or arthiritic changes in joints; to detect bone diseases and tumors; to determine the cause of bone pain or inflammation.
• Renal ultrasound (Also called Sonography) – a non-invasive test in which a transducer is passed over the kidney, transmitting a picture of the organ to a video screen. The test is used to determine size and shape of kidney, and detect
• a mass, kidney stone, cyst or other obstruction or abnormalities.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) – a test that records electrical activity of heart, shows abnormal rhythms (arrhythmias or dysrhythmias) and detects heart muscle damage.
• Kidney biopsy – a procedure in which tissue samples are taken (with a needle during surgery) from the body for examination in a microscope to determine if cancer or other abnormal cells are present.

Treatment for Acute and Chronic Renal Failure

Specific treatment for renal failure will be determined by your physician based on:

• Your age, overall health and medical history coverage of the disease
• Type of disease (acute or chronic)
• Underlying cause of the disease
• Your tolerance for specific medications, procedures or therapies
• Expectations for the course of the disease and your opinion or preference.